Interventional Radiology in Türkiye | MPGCARE

MPGCARE coordinates interventional radiology assessment at Medical Park and Liv Hospital in Türkiye. Interventional radiologists use ultrasound, CT or fluoroscopy to guide needles and catheters for selected diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The hospital confirms the specialist’s expertise, accepted ages, equipment and actual service availability. A small skin entry does not mean a risk-free procedure or guaranteed rapid recovery; suitability and alternatives are assessed individually.

The following are examples of procedures within interventional radiology, not a promise that every method is available at every partner hospital. Examination, diagnostic imaging and an intervention are separate steps. The team selects tests for the patient and procedure; no mandatory testing package is implied.

Biopsy, drainage and access procedures

Procedure / condition	What it involves and when it may be considered	Assessment, risks and follow-up
Image-guided needle biopsy	A needle samples a suspicious organ lesion, lymph node or mass for pathology; imaging helps choose an accessible target.	Review previous imaging and selected CBC/coagulation tests. Bleeding, infection or an inadequate sample can occur; pathology and a possible repeat biopsy must be discussed.
Abscess / fluid collection drainage	A needle or catheter drains selected infected or symptomatic collections, often alongside antibiotics. Fever and worsening illness need prompt review.	Ultrasound/CT, selected blood tests and fluid culture guide treatment. Bleeding, adjacent-organ injury or a blocked/displaced drain are possible; agree care and removal criteria.
Biliary drainage and stenting	A catheter drains obstructed bile ducts; selected patients may receive a stent. Jaundice with fever can indicate an emergency.	Liver/coagulation tests and ultrasound/CT/MRCP as needed. Infection, bleeding or bile leakage may occur. Gastroenterology and surgery alternatives, drain/stent maintenance and exchange are reviewed.
Nephrostomy / selected ureteral stenting	Urine is diverted from an obstructed kidney through a catheter; some cases require a ureteral stent. Fever with obstruction needs urgent care.	Kidney function, urine tests/culture and ultrasound/CT as indicated. Infection, bleeding and tube displacement are possible; urology coordinates definitive treatment and exchange/removal.
Radiologic gastrostomy / gastrojejunostomy	A feeding tube may be placed when oral feeding is inadequate or swallowing is unsafe, after nutrition and swallowing assessment.	Review anatomy, prior surgery and selected coagulation tests. Leakage, infection or displacement can occur; feeding, tube care, exchange and caregiver training need a written plan.
Venous port, PICC or central venous access	Image-guided venous access may support chemotherapy, long-term medicines or other indicated treatment. The device is chosen for the clinical need.	Assess veins, infection risk and selected blood tests. Infection, thrombosis, malposition or pneumothorax may occur depending on the route; maintenance and removal are planned.

Vascular and embolization procedures

Procedure / condition	What it involves and when it may be considered	Assessment, risks and follow-up
Catheter angiography	Contrast and X-ray guidance show selected vessels; it may be diagnostic or part of a planned treatment.	Prior Doppler/CTA/MRA, kidney function and contrast-reaction history are reviewed. Discuss puncture bleeding, vessel injury, contrast and radiation; CT/MR angiography may be an alternative.
Peripheral angioplasty and stenting	A balloon and sometimes a stent may open selected narrowed arteries causing walking pain, rest pain or nonhealing wounds.	Pulse examination, ankle-brachial index, Doppler and selected angiographic imaging. Restenosis, clotting or embolization may occur; medicines, wound care and vascular surveillance remain necessary.
Selected thrombolysis / mechanical thrombectomy	A catheter delivers clot-dissolving medicine or removes a clot in selected arterial or venous blockages. Many clots are treated with medicines alone.	Clot location, timing, imaging and bleeding risk determine suitability. Major bleeding or embolization can occur; anticoagulation and the underlying cause need follow-up. Acute limb ischemia or suspected pulmonary embolism requires emergency local care.
Embolization for active bleeding	A catheter delivers coils or other materials to close a bleeding vessel in selected trauma, digestive, pelvic or other bleeding.	Emergency assessment and selected CTA/angiography guide treatment. Nontarget embolization, tissue ischemia and recurrent bleeding are possible; this is not a planned travel pathway during active bleeding.
Aneurysm repair: selected EVAR / TEVAR or embolization	Selected aortic or other arterial aneurysms may be treated with a covered stent graft or embolization; anatomy determines the approach.	CTA/MRA, kidney function and vascular-team review. Endoleak, occlusion and repeat procedures are possible; long-term imaging surveillance is essential. Sudden severe chest/back/abdominal pain needs emergency care.
Neurointerventional procedures	Selected brain aneurysms or AVMs may need endovascular treatment; eligible acute ischemic strokes may require thrombectomy in a dedicated stroke center.	Brain/vascular imaging and neurovascular-team assessment are required. These are specialist services, not routine general IR; stroke symptoms or sudden worst headache require immediate local emergency care.
Varicose vein / venous reflux treatment	Selected symptomatic reflux may be treated with endovenous thermal ablation, sclerotherapy or other suitable methods.	Duplex ultrasound and clinical assessment guide selection. Thrombosis, nerve/skin injury or recurrence can occur; compression, mobility and review are individualized, with no permanent-result guarantee.
Varicocele / pelvic venous disorder embolization	Selected abnormal veins causing scrotal discomfort or a confirmed pelvic venous disorder may be embolized; other causes of pain must be assessed.	Doppler and selected cross-sectional imaging/venography; urology or gynecology review and fertility assessment when relevant. Recurrence or nontarget embolization can occur; pain relief or pregnancy is not guaranteed.
Vascular malformation embolization / sclerotherapy	Selected arteriovenous or venous malformations causing pain, swelling or bleeding may need staged treatment.	Doppler, MRI and selected angiography define flow and extent. Skin/nerve injury, thrombosis or tissue damage are possible; lesion type determines method and repeat-session needs.
Uterine fibroid embolization	Selected symptomatic fibroids causing heavy bleeding or pressure may be treated by blocking their arterial supply.	Gynecology assessment, pelvic ultrasound/MRI and selected blood tests. Discuss infection, ovarian effects, future pregnancy and surgical alternatives; preserving the uterus does not guarantee preserved fertility.
Prostatic artery embolization (PAE)	Selected urinary symptoms from benign prostate enlargement may be assessed for arterial embolization after urology review; it is not a prostate cancer treatment.	Symptom scores, urine tests, flow/residual urine, PSA when appropriate and selected vascular imaging. Exclude other causes; discuss nontarget injury, retention, incomplete response and alternatives.
Dialysis fistula / graft intervention	Selected narrowing or clotting affecting dialysis access may be treated with angioplasty, thrombectomy or another indicated technique.	Access examination, Doppler and selected fistulography. Recurrent narrowing, clotting or bleeding may occur; coordinate access surveillance and dialysis timing with nephrology.

Tumor, liver and pain procedures

Procedure / condition	What it involves and when it may be considered	Assessment, risks and follow-up
Tumor ablation: radiofrequency, microwave or cryoablation	Heat or freezing may destroy selected liver, kidney, lung or other lesions; eligibility depends on tumor size, position, diagnosis and overall cancer plan.	Pathology, contrast CT/MRI and organ function are reviewed by the tumor board. Bleeding, organ injury or incomplete ablation may occur; lung procedures can cause pneumothorax. Repeat imaging and further treatment may be needed.
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE)	Selected liver tumors may be treated with chemotherapy and embolic material delivered into their arterial supply. It differs from systemic chemotherapy.	Tumor type/stage, liver reserve, portal circulation, kidney function and blood tests guide selection. Post-embolization symptoms, infection or liver injury may occur; oncology treatment and response imaging continue.
Radioembolization (TARE / Y-90)	Radioactive microspheres may treat selected liver tumors through their arteries; suitability and radiation planning require a specialist team.	Mapping angiography, nuclear medicine assessment, liver reserve and tumor imaging are required as indicated. Discuss nontarget radiation, liver injury and personalized radiation-safety instructions; more than one visit may be needed.
TIPS for portal hypertension complications	A stented connection in the liver may treat selected recurrent variceal bleeding or difficult-to-control ascites; it does not cure cirrhosis.	Liver/kidney tests, imaging and cardiac assessment as needed. Encephalopathy, liver/heart decompensation or shunt dysfunction are possible; hepatology and Doppler surveillance are essential.
Vertebroplasty / kyphoplasty	Cement may stabilize selected painful vertebral compression fractures after specialist assessment; it is not a general treatment for disc herniation or all back pain.	MRI/CT, neurologic examination and selected blood tests distinguish fracture, tumor or infection. Cement leakage, embolism or nerve injury may occur; conservative options and bone health care are discussed.
Image-guided injections / nerve blocks / neurolysis	Selected pain conditions may be assessed for targeted injections or nerve procedures in coordination with pain medicine and the relevant specialist.	Review the pain cause, examination, imaging and medicines. Infection, bleeding or nerve injury are possible; benefit may be temporary or absent. Rehabilitation and alternatives remain part of the plan.

What We Do

The first review considers your diagnosis, symptoms, previous treatments and goals. The physician selects imaging and laboratory tests such as CBC, platelets, coagulation, kidney function or organ-specific tests when relevant. An intervention requires a separate indication, consent, anesthesia/sedation plan and aftercare arrangements. Medicines, observation, endoscopy or surgery may be more appropriate; IR does not replace every operation.

Which records should I send?

Prepare dated reports and original DICOM images, pathology, previous procedure/operation summaries, current medicines and doses, allergies and previous contrast reactions. Include kidney disease, blood thinners, diabetes treatment, pregnancy possibility, implants and symptom history. For cancer, add staging and oncology treatment records. MPGCARE confirms a secure submission channel and translation needs; the hospital decides whether further imaging is necessary.

Preparation, contrast and anesthesia

Only the receiving team gives the individual written plan for fasting, medicines, infection prevention and procedure preparation. Do not stop blood thinners or diabetes medicines yourself. Tell the team about pregnancy, kidney problems and previous contrast reactions. Ultrasound uses no ionizing radiation, while CT/fluoroscopy does; the team weighs exposure and contrast risks against clinical benefit. Local anesthesia, sedation or general anesthesia depends on the procedure and patient.

Recovery, results and follow-up at home

Ask who communicates pathology or imaging results and when clinical response will be assessed. Technical completion is not the same as symptom relief or cancer control. Obtain a discharge report, device/drain instructions, medication plan, warning signs and review/imaging schedule. Agree on a suitable clinician in your country and the treating team’s contact; drain exchanges, device surveillance and rehabilitation depend on local capacity. Stay length, accompanying-person needs and travel fitness are decided individually.

When to seek urgent local care

Sudden weakness or speech difficulty, a worst-ever headache, chest pain, severe breathlessness, a cold painful limb, major bleeding, fainting, fever with jaundice or severe illness with obstruction require urgent local care. After a procedure, increasing pain, persistent bleeding, fever, new weakness, breathing difficulty or a dislodged drain with illness need immediate advice or emergency assessment. Do not wait for an international appointment or transfer.

Questions to confirm before treatment

Which exact procedure, specialist and hospital are appropriate? Are pathology, sedation, devices, planned repeat sessions and follow-up documented? Who manages complications or an inadequate response? Confirm benefits, risks, medical/surgical alternatives and the written clinical scope. The list is educational; current availability and individual suitability must be confirmed, with no cure or permanent-result guarantee.

Contact MPGCARE to coordinate an interventional radiology review and an individual investigation, procedure and follow-up plan.

Request a specialist assessment

+90 850 259 5553