Pediatric Surgery

Children need care tailored to their development and condition. MPGCARE coordinates pediatric surgical appointment requests at Medical Park and Liv Hospital in Türkiye. Hospital clinicians assess the child and plan care. A surgical consultation does not automatically mean an operation.

Which conditions does pediatric surgery assess?

The specialty covers selected congenital and acquired conditions of the digestive tract, abdominal wall, non-cardiac chest and, with pediatric urology, urinary/genital organs. The examples below are not a guarantee that every procedure is available at every hospital. Confirm the child’s age/weight, prematurity, exact operation, surgeon, pediatric anaesthesia and neonatal/pediatric intensive-care support with the receiving centre.

Diseases, tests and operations

Condition	Symptoms and family attention	Selected diagnostic tests	Possible operation or procedure
Appendicitis	Increasing abdominal pain, vomiting or fever: urgent local review.	Examination, selected blood/urine tests and usually ultrasound first; MRI/CT only when indicated.	Appendectomy, laparoscopic or open; selected non-operative care only under the treating team.
Inguinal hernia	Groin bulge; painful persistent swelling with vomiting is urgent. Do not force it back.	Usually clinical examination; ultrasound only for selected uncertainty.	Hernia repair; timing and open/laparoscopic method depend on the child.
Umbilical hernia	Umbilical bulge, often painless; sudden pain or vomiting needs review.	Usually examination; imaging not routinely necessary.	Observation or umbilical hernia repair according to persistence, symptoms and age.
Hydrocele	Scrotal swelling, sometimes varying in size; sudden pain needs urgent review.	Examination; selected ultrasound when diagnosis is unclear.	Observation or hydrocele/communicating-passage repair as appropriate.
Undescended testis	A testis not felt in the scrotum; distinguish a retractile testis.	Specialist examination; routine pre-referral ultrasound is often unnecessary. Selected endocrine/genetic tests in complex cases.	Orchiopexy; laparoscopy may be needed for a non-palpable testis. Timing is individual.
Hypospadias	Urinary opening in an unusual position, penile curvature or abnormal stream. Consult before circumcision.	Clinical examination; additional investigations for associated findings, not every child.	Urethral reconstruction/curvature correction; one or staged operations, with pediatric urology.
Pyloric stenosis	Forceful vomiting in an infant, poor weight gain or fewer wet nappies: prompt assessment.	Ultrasound and selected electrolytes/blood tests to assess dehydration.	Pyloromyotomy after the team corrects dehydration/electrolyte disturbance.
Hirschsprung disease	Delayed neonatal stool, persistent constipation/distension; fever with diarrhoea can be urgent enterocolitis.	Rectal biopsy confirms diagnosis; selected contrast imaging/manometry.	Pull-through surgery; a temporary stoma may be needed. Bowel follow-up continues.
Anorectal malformation	Absent/abnormal anal opening or stool passing through an unusual site in a newborn.	Examination; selected abdominal, urinary and spinal imaging and associated-anomaly assessment.	Anorectal reconstruction; temporary stoma and staged repair when needed.
Oesophageal atresia / tracheoesophageal fistula	Newborn feeding-related choking, excessive saliva or breathing difficulty: urgent neonatal care.	Hospital assessment, X-rays and selected associated-anomaly studies.	Oesophageal/fistula repair; strategy and stages depend on anatomy and neonatal stability.
Intestinal atresia	Newborn green vomiting, distension or failure to pass stool: urgent care.	Examination, abdominal X-rays and selected contrast studies/laboratory tests.	Repair of bowel obstruction, possible bowel resection and temporary stoma.
Malrotation / volvulus	Green vomiting and abdominal pain; volvulus threatens bowel blood flow and is an emergency.	Urgent assessment; selected ultrasound or upper-GI contrast study if it will not delay necessary care.	Ladd procedure; urgent untwisting and assessment/resection of damaged bowel when needed.
Intussusception	Episodes of severe pain, pallor/lethargy, vomiting or bloody stool: urgent care.	Ultrasound; selected blood tests/imaging depending on illness.	Image-guided air/fluid reduction if suitable; surgery if unsuitable, unsuccessful or complicated.
Choledochal cyst	Jaundice or abdominal pain; fever with jaundice needs urgent assessment.	Ultrasound, liver tests and selected MRCP to define bile-duct anatomy.	Cyst excision and biliary reconstruction for suitable types; specialist liver-team review.
Pectus excavatum	Sunken chest; discuss exercise/breathing symptoms and emotional concerns.	Clinical assessment; selected cardiac/lung function and imaging studies.	Observation or selected chest-wall repair, such as Nuss; not every child needs surgery.
Testicular torsion	Sudden testicular/scrotal pain or swelling, sometimes abdominal pain: emergency.	Immediate specialist assessment; Doppler ultrasound only if it does not delay necessary treatment.	Urgent exploration, untwisting and fixation; a non-viable testis may need removal.

Consultation, diagnostic tests and procedures

Consultation reviews symptoms, growth, feeding, bowel/urinary patterns and examines the child. Ultrasound, selected blood/urine tests or other imaging answer clinical questions. Biopsy, endoscopy, contrast reduction and surgery are procedures with specific indications and consent. Tests are not a compulsory package. Some problems are diagnosed clinically; not every child needs MRI, CT, blood tests or anaesthesia.

How are the method, risks and recovery assessed?

The surgeon compares observation and non-operative care with open, laparoscopic or other suitable methods. A smaller incision can have advantages in selected cases, but does not guarantee less pain, a short stay or rapid recovery. Discuss anaesthesia, bleeding, infection, injury to nearby structures, leakage/narrowing, recurrence and further surgery as relevant. Recovery depends on age, prematurity, severity and procedure; ask about staged operations, stoma/catheter care and individual discharge criteria.

Which records should we prepare?

Send age, current weight, gestational age/birth history, symptom timeline, growth/feeding and bowel/urinary information. Include examination/referral notes, ultrasound/imaging reports and original images when available, blood tests, previous operation/anaesthesia and discharge records, pathology if relevant, medicines and allergies. Mention chronic illness, recent infection and prior anaesthetic problems. Share through an agreed secure channel; the centre confirms translations and additional records.

What are the companion and consent arrangements?

Confirm who may accompany the child, overnight accommodation, visitor numbers and infection-control rules with the hospital. Ward, recovery-room and intensive-care access can differ; bedside presence is not guaranteed at all times. The legal guardian’s identity/consent documents and any authorisation for a different accompanying adult must be confirmed before travel. Ask about interpreter support, a named family contact, child-appropriate explanations and discharge accompaniment.

What should families pay attention to?

Record pain, fever, vomiting, feeding, urine and stool changes. Report a recent cold, cough or fever before an elective operation; the anaesthesia team decides whether to proceed. Follow only the centre’s child-specific fasting, bowel-preparation and medication instructions; do not change medicines or give enemas yourself. After treatment, follow the written pain, wound, activity and feeding plan and learn any stoma/catheter care. Support the child emotionally with age-appropriate explanations.

Urgent symptoms: use local care immediately

Green vomit, severe or worsening abdominal pain/distension, significant bleeding, breathing difficulty, marked lethargy or dehydration, a painful irreducible groin swelling, or sudden testicular pain/swelling need immediate local assessment. Fever with severe illness or postoperative worsening also needs urgent review. Do not wait for an overseas enquiry or travel. Stable longstanding symptoms can be discussed in a planned consultation.

Where will follow-up take place?

Agree who explains pathology/results, whether the first check is at the treating centre, subsequent visits and who removes/maintains a catheter or stoma. Home-country follow-up requires a local clinician who accepts the plan and receives the operation/discharge summary. Confirm emergency contacts and remote-review limits. Fever, spreading wound redness/discharge, uncontrolled pain, persistent vomiting or inability to drink/urinate requires prompt team contact or local urgent care. Travel and flying require physician approval.

Arrange a pediatric surgical review

Tell MPGCARE the child’s age, symptoms, current diagnosis and purpose of review. Confirm the hospital/team, age and operation eligibility, required visits, written service scope, companion arrangements and follow-up before planning travel. MPGCARE coordinates; medical decisions belong to the hospital team.

Contact: +90 850 259 5553